It seems that Russia will be tracking and may be targeting merchant vessels regardless of their flag and, in one interpretation, with little apparent focus on their activity and purpose. The recent announcement by the Kremlin that Russia is pulling out of the arrangement by which grain has been shipped out of Ukrainian ports for global consumption, was accompanied by an explicit threat to all merchant shipping in the Black Sea region. It is not just the normative considerations of UNCLOS which will determine the legality, or not, of Russian military actions in the Black Sea. No matter their involvement, the recruitment and use of children by armed forces is a grave violation of child rights and international humanitarian law.The Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) applicable at sea must be considered alongside the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 and military intent of the Kremlin for influence of Russian maritime operations. ![]() Still others associate themselves for survival or to protect their communities. ![]() Others are driven by poverty, compelled to generate income for their families. Some are abducted, threatened, coerced or manipulated by armed actors. Many, especially girls, are also subjected to gender-based violence.Ĭhildren become part of an armed force or group for various reasons. Warring parties use children not only as fighters, but as scouts, cooks, porters, guards, messengers and more. Often referred to as “child soldiers,” these boys and girls suffer extensive forms of exploitation and abuse that are not fully captured by that term. Thousands of children are recruited and used in armed conflicts across the world. Between 20, more than 105,000 children were verified as recruited and used by parties to conflict, although the actual number of cases is believed to be much higher.
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